The world of the marginalized in the Arabic novel - the novel “Utopia” as a model - a semiotic study

This research deals with the subject of the literature of the marginalized in the Arabic novel, specifically the novel "Utopia" by Ahmed Khaled Tawfik, that novel that falls under what is known as (the literature of the corrupt city), where he referred through his novel to the phenomenon of social imbalance in 2023 in a forward-looking vision, emanating from the thought of a conscious writer, as he predicted the reality of Egyptian society in his novel "Utopia" issued in 2008, bypassing the idea of social reform to other contexts. And the marginalized in general are those who are deliberately excluded from the human social and cultural system, and are marginalized over the spatial and temporal space in which the person moves. This marginalization has affected all aspects of human life; Some of them are social and cultural. Marginalization affects the individual and leaves a mark on himself, in addition to determining his relationship with his society. The marginalized is present, but it is absent from the mind of his society. that is, it does not exist, and that is in reasons including; His lack of a sense of importance, competition, fear, dissimilarity, lack of expression, or the identical characteristics of his environment. This study relies on the semiotic approach to reveal the effectiveness of this approach in analyzing the text and its role in revealing the thresholds of the text and its aesthetic structure and its function in opening the horizons of the narrative text, in addition .