Semiotics

Semiotics, or the science of signs, is dedicated to analyzing the symbols of linguistic messages both quantitatively and qualitatively. It delves into both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of text construction, identifying the semantic threads that weave their way through the text both vertically and horizontally, ultimately intertwining its elements to create a cohesive text in form and content.

This research aims to shed light on the concept of symbols and signs in the field of linguistic studies and, consequently, in the field of literary studies. Signs can interact with all forms of linguistic and non-linguistic expression on various levels, whether related to artistic expression imbued with aesthetic values, utilitarian expression aimed at informing or reporting, or mere communication.

The paper begins by defining a "sign" as a symbol that replaces something else, introducing the science of semiotics (Smologie). It traces the development of this science from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance, then explores the relationship between the symbol and what it signifies, delving into the issue of the word and its meaning.

The paper concludes that the phenomenological approach is most suited to the tasks of semiotics in linguistic studies. The philosophy of language cannot be divorced from language itself; therefore, it is necessary to explore linguistic truth in its various dimensions, including both psychological and social aspects.